{"id":4603,"date":"2016-07-11T16:22:50","date_gmt":"2016-07-11T16:22:50","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/repeatright.com\/engine\/?p=4603"},"modified":"2018-10-09T01:18:57","modified_gmt":"2018-10-09T01:18:57","slug":"arendt-hannah","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.repeatright.com\/engine\/arendt-hannah\/","title":{"rendered":"ARENDT, Hannah"},"content":{"rendered":"
[vc_row css=”.vc_custom_1453315804311{margin-top: -40px !important;border-top-width: 0px !important;padding-top: 0px !important;}”][vc_column width=”1\/2″][vc_tta_tabs style=”modern” shape=”square” active_section=”1″][vc_tta_section i_icon_fontawesome=”fa fa-book” add_icon=”true” title=”Citation” tab_id=”1449531588223-e020d87d-f7dd094f-cf6324a3-a048″][vc_column_text css_animation=”none”]\n

\u201cAction without a name, a \u201cwho\u201d attached to it, is meaningless.\u201d<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

~Hannah Arendt<\/strong>, German-American political theorist & educator<\/p>\n

Conference lecture, \u201cLabor, Work, Action\u201d (10 November 1964) University of Chicago Divinity School, conference on \u2018Christianity and Economic Man: Moral Decisions in an Affluent Society,\u2019 Chicago, IL; original Arendt lecture page & annotations online via The Hannah Arendt Papers at the Library of Congress<\/em>, Series: Speeches and Writings File, 1923-1975, n.d., p. 13; online via Library of Congress, memory.loc.gov\/ammem\/arendthtml\/arendthome.html<\/a><\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section i_icon_fontawesome=”fa fa-plus-circle” add_icon=”true” title=”Context” tab_id=”1449531588755-96303790-852e094f-cf6324a3-a048″][vc_column_text css_animation=”none”]\n

Extended excerpt<\/em><\/strong> [Lecture]:<\/p>\n

\u201cStill, though unknown to the person, action is intensely personal. Action without a name, a \u201cwho\u201d attached to it, is meaningless <\/span>whereas an art work retains its relevance whether or not we know the master\u2019s name. Let me remind you of the monuments to the Unknown Soldier after World War I. They bear testimony to the need for finding a \u201cwho,\u201d an identifiable somebody, whom four years of mass slaughter should have revealed. The unwillingness to resign oneself to the brutal fact that the agent of the war was actually Nobody inspired the erection of monuments to the unknown ones \u2013 that is to all those whom the war had failed to make known, robbing them thereby, not of their achievement, but of their human dignity.\u201d (p. 13)<\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section i_icon_fontawesome=”fa fa-search” add_icon=”true” title=”Source Link” tab_id=”1449531589797-29580b31-8c50094f-cf6324a3-a048″][vc_column_text css_animation=”none”]\n

Source link<\/em><\/strong><\/span>: \u201cLabor, Work, Action\u201d (10 November 1964) online via Library of Congress: https:\/\/memory.loc.gov\/cgi-bin\/ampage?collId=mharendt_pub&fileName=05\/051810\/051810page.db&recNum=12&itemLink=%2Fammem%2Farendthtml%2FmharendtFolderP05.html&linkText=7<\/a>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][\/vc_tta_tabs][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”1\/2″][vc_tta_tabs style=”modern” shape=”square” active_section=”1″][vc_tta_section i_icon_fontawesome=”fa fa-book” add_icon=”true” title=”Citation” tab_id=”1453315829087-ce67c619-0fbc24a3-a048″][vc_column_text css_animation=”none”]\n

\u201cB<\/strong>e loyal to life, don\u2019t create fiction but accept what life is giving you, show yourself worthy of whatever it may be by recollecting and pondering over it, thus repeating it in imagination: this is the way to remain alive.\u201d<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

~Hannah Arendt<\/strong>, American political theorist & educator<\/p>\n

\u201cIsak Dinesen: 1885-1963\u201d (1968) Men in <\/em>Dark Times<\/em>, San Diego, CA: Harvest Book\/Harcourt Brace & Co., 1995 printing, p. 97<\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section i_icon_fontawesome=”fa fa-plus-circle” add_icon=”true” title=”Context” tab_id=”1453315829475-7c82a017-1e6224a3-a048″][vc_column_text css_animation=”none”]\n

Extended excerpt<\/em><\/strong>: [Arendt is summarizing key ideas on imagination in Isak Dinesen\u2019s work, including her novel Out of Africa<\/em>.]:<\/p>\n

\u201cWithout repeating life in imagination you can never be fully alive, \u201clack of imagination\u201d prevents people from \u201cexisting.\u201d \u201cBe loyal to the story,\u201d as one of her storytellers admonishes the young, \u201cbe eternally and unswervingly loyal to the story,\u201d means no less than, Be loyal to life, don\u2019t create fiction but accept what life is giving you, show yourself worthy of whatever it may be by recollecting and pondering over it, thus repeating it in imagination: this is the way to remain alive.\u201d (p. 97)<\/p>\n

Source note<\/em>: Isak Dinesen<\/span> is the pen name of Danish author Karen Blixen<\/span><\/strong>.<\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section i_icon_fontawesome=”fa fa-search” add_icon=”true” title=”Source ISBN” tab_id=”1453315829682-63e8fade-cf4c24a3-a048″][vc_column_text css_animation=”none”]\n

Source<\/em><\/strong><\/span>: Library – Men in Dark Times<\/em> (1968|1995 Harvest Book) International Standard Book Number (ISBN)<\/p>\n

0-15-658890-0[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][\/vc_tta_tabs][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row css=”.vc_custom_1453316221301{margin-top: 0px !important;border-top-width: 0px !important;padding-top: 0px !important;}”][vc_column width=”1\/2″][vc_tta_tabs style=”modern” shape=”square” active_section=”1″][vc_tta_section i_icon_fontawesome=”fa fa-book” add_icon=”true” title=”Citation” tab_id=”1453315828001-b5e2e52e-ea1e24a3-a048″][vc_column_text css_animation=”none”]\n

\u201cD<\/strong>eath not merely ends life, it also bestows upon it a silent completeness, snatched from the hazardous flux to which all things humans are subject.\u201d<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

~Hannah Arendt<\/strong>, German-American political theorist & educator<\/p>\n

\u201cThinking III\u201d (5 December 1977) The New Yorker<\/em>, New York: The New Yorker Magazine, Inc., p. 173, column 1; online via The New Yorker archives [subscription service] archives.newyorker.com<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section i_icon_fontawesome=”fa fa-plus-circle” add_icon=”true” title=”Context” tab_id=”1453315828385-86abfac4-79bf24a3-a048″][vc_column_text css_animation=”none”]\n

Extended excerpt<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0 [Magazine essay]:<\/p>\n

\u201cHuman life, because it is set off by a beginning and an end, becomes whole \u2013 an entity in itself, which can be subjected to judgment \u2013 only when it has ended in death; death not merely ends life but also bestows upon it a silent completeness, snatched from the hazardous flux to which all things human are subject.<\/span>\u201d (p. 173)\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section i_icon_fontawesome=”fa fa-search” add_icon=”true” title=”Source Link” tab_id=”1453315828572-dac97b48-68e024a3-a048″][vc_column_text css_animation=”none”]\n

Source link<\/strong><\/em><\/span>:\u00a0\u201cThinking III\u201d (5 December 1977) online via The New Yorker<\/em> [subscription service]: http:\/\/archives.newyorker.com\/?i=1977-12-05#folio=172<\/a>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][\/vc_tta_tabs][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”1\/2″][vc_tta_tabs style=”modern” shape=”square” active_section=”1″][vc_tta_section i_icon_fontawesome=”fa fa-book” add_icon=”true” title=”Citation” tab_id=”1449531591105-7edf5f39-feaa094f-cf6324a3-a048″][vc_column_text css_animation=”none”]\n

\u201cHave we now come to the point where it is the children who are being asked to change or improve the world?\u201d<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

~Hannah Arendt<\/strong>, German-American political theorist & educator<\/p>\n

\u201cReflections on Little Rock\u201d (1958) in Dissent<\/em>, Vol. VI, Winter 1959, p. 50; online via Dissent [subscription service] www.dissentmagazine.org<\/a><\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section i_icon_fontawesome=”fa fa-plus-circle” add_icon=”true” title=”Context” tab_id=”1449531591631-43861bc7-da28094f-cf6324a3-a048″][vc_column_text css_animation=”none”]\n

Extended excerpt\u00a0 <\/em><\/strong>[Essay. Arendt is referring to the court-ordered integration of African American students into the previously all-white Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas. Like many Americans, Arendt had seen the photos & news video of white adults \u2013 and their children \u2013 verbally & physically abusing the \u201cLittle Rock Nine\u201d as they walked into the school.]:<\/p>\n

\u201cThe picture looked to me like a fantastic caricature of progressive education which, by abolishing the authority of adults, implicitly denies their responsibility for the world into which they have borne their children and refuses the duty of guiding them into it. Have we now come to the point where it is the children who are being asked to change or improve the world?<\/span> And do we intend to have our political battles fought out in the school yards?\u201d (p. 50)<\/p>\n

Source note<\/em><\/strong>:\u00a0\u201cReflections on Little Rock\u201d was originally commissioned by Commentary<\/em> magazine, but after they hesitated to print the essay in 1958 Arendt withdrew it from the magazine. It was eventually published in Dissent<\/em> in the fall of 1959.<\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section i_icon_fontawesome=”fa fa-search” add_icon=”true” title=”Source Link” tab_id=”1449531592891-f39e055b-a66e094f-cf6324a3-a048″][vc_column_text css_animation=”none”]\n

Source link<\/em><\/strong><\/span>: \u201cReflections on Little Rock\u201d (written 1958|published Winter 1959) in Dissent<\/em>; online via Dissent [subscription service]: https:\/\/www.dissentmagazine.org\/article\/reflections-on-little-rock<\/a><\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][\/vc_tta_tabs][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row css=”.vc_custom_1453316221301{margin-top: 0px !important;border-top-width: 0px !important;padding-top: 0px !important;}”][vc_column width=”1\/2″][vc_tta_tabs style=”modern” shape=”square” active_section=”1″][vc_tta_section i_icon_fontawesome=”fa fa-book” add_icon=”true” title=”Citation” tab_id=”1522635177389-b7976a14-2c73″][vc_column_text css_animation=”none”]\n

\u201cIn an ever-changing, incomprehensible world the masses had reached the point where they would, at the same time, believe everything and nothing, think that everything was possible and that nothing was true.\u201d<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

~Hannah Arendt<\/strong>, German-American political theorist & educator<\/p>\n

Totalitarianism<\/em> (1951) Book Three, Origins of Totalitarianism<\/em>, New York: Harvest Books\/Harcourt, Brace & World, 1968 [with 1966 updates], p. 80; online via Open Library [free subscription service] openlibrary.org<\/a><\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section i_icon_fontawesome=”fa fa-plus-circle” add_icon=”true” title=”Context” tab_id=”1522635177543-be2ffea0-7ca5″][vc_column_text css_animation=”none”]\n

Extended excerpt <\/em><\/strong>[Non-fiction – Chapter two: \u2018The Totalitarian Movement\u2019]:<\/p>\n

\u201cA mixture of gullibility and cynicism had been an outstanding characteristic of mob mentality before it became an everyday phenomenon of masses. In an ever-changing, incomprehensible world the masses had reached the point where they would, at the same time, believe everything and nothing, think that everything was possible and that nothing was true.<\/span> The mixture in itself was remarkable enough, because it spelled the end of the illusion that gullibility was a weakness of unsuspecting primitive souls and cynicism the vice of superior and refined minds. Mass propaganda discovered that its audience was ready at all times to believe the worst, no matter how absurd, and did not particularly object to being deceived because it held every statement to be a lie anyhow.\u201d (p. 80)<\/p>\n

Source note<\/em><\/strong>: Totalitarianism<\/em> is the third book of Arendt’s three Origins of Totalitarianism<\/em> series.\u00a0 Although all three segments have been printed in a single volume, this cited edition does not include the first & second books.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section i_icon_fontawesome=”fa fa-search” add_icon=”true” title=”Source Link” tab_id=”1522635177628-24648de7-bb79″][vc_column_text css_animation=”none”]\n

Source link<\/strong><\/em><\/span>:Totalitarianism<\/em> (1951)|1968 Harvest Books) online via Open Library [free subscription service]: https:\/\/archive.org\/stream\/totalitarianism00aren#page\/80\/mode\/2up\/search\/incomprehensible+world<\/a><\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][\/vc_tta_tabs][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”1\/2″][vc_tta_tabs style=”modern” shape=”square” active_section=”1″][vc_tta_section i_icon_fontawesome=”fa fa-book” add_icon=”true” title=”Citation” tab_id=”1522635177808-5bebd57c-040f”][vc_column_text css_animation=”none”]\n

\u201cI<\/strong>n the era of imperialism, businessmen became politicians and were acclaimed as statesmen, while statesmen were taken seriously only if they talked the language of successful businessmen.\u201d<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

~Hannah Arendt<\/strong>, German-American political theorist & educator<\/p>\n

Imperialism <\/em>(1951) Book two, Origins of Totalitarianism<\/em>, San Diego, CA: Harvest Books\/Harcourt, Brace & Co., 1994, p. 18<\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section i_icon_fontawesome=”fa fa-plus-circle” add_icon=”true” title=”Context” tab_id=”1522635177982-85263a02-cfe5″][vc_column_text css_animation=”none”]\n

Extended excerpt\u00a0 <\/em><\/strong>[Non-fiction \u2013 Chapter one: \u2018The Political Emancipation of the Bourgeoisie\u2019]:<\/p>\n

\u201cWhen, in the era of imperialism, businessmen became politicians and were acclaimed as statesmen, while statesmen were taken seriously only if they talked the language of successful businessmen<\/span> and \u201cthought in continents,\u201d these private practices and devices were gradually transformed into rules and principles for the conduct of public affairs.\u201d (p. 18)[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section i_icon_fontawesome=”fa fa-search” add_icon=”true” title=”Source ISBN” tab_id=”1522635178070-0c86b5ae-b76d”][vc_column_text css_animation=”none”]\n

Source<\/em><\/strong><\/span>: Library – Imperialism<\/em> (1951|1994 Harvest Books) International Standard Book Number (ISBN) 0-15-644200-0[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][\/vc_tta_tabs][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row css=”.vc_custom_1453316221301{margin-top: 0px !important;border-top-width: 0px !important;padding-top: 0px !important;}”][vc_column width=”1\/2″][vc_tta_tabs style=”modern” shape=”square” active_section=”1″][vc_tta_section i_icon_fontawesome=”fa fa-book” add_icon=”true” title=”Citation” tab_id=”1522860108322-d8b967da-d378″][vc_column_text css_animation=”none”]\n

\u201cI<\/strong>t is in fact far easier to act under conditions of tyranny than it is to think.\u201d<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

~Hannah Arendt<\/strong>, German-American political theorist & educator<\/p>\n

The Human Condition<\/em> (1958) Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 1998 second edition [eBook version], p. 406; accessed online via Scribd [subscription service] www.scribd.com<\/a><\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section i_icon_fontawesome=”fa fa-plus-circle” add_icon=”true” title=”Context” tab_id=”1522860108434-389233e9-0381″][vc_column_text css_animation=”none”]\n

Extended excerpt\u00a0<\/em><\/strong> [Non-fiction]:<\/p>\n

\u201cUnfortunately, and contrary to what is currently assumed about the proverbial ivory-tower independence of thinkers, no other human capacity is so vulnerable, and it is in fact far easier to act under conditions of tyranny than it is to think.<\/span>\u201d (p. 406)\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section i_icon_fontawesome=”fa fa-search” add_icon=”true” title=”Source Link” tab_id=”1522860108540-812767ae-6107″][vc_column_text css_animation=”none”]\n

Source link<\/strong><\/em><\/span>: The Human Condition <\/em>(1958|1998 U of Chicago 2nd ed., eBook) online via Scribd [subscription service]: https:\/\/www.scribd.com\/read\/189516561\/The-Human-Condition-Second-Edition#Search_search-menu_538554<\/a>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][\/vc_tta_tabs][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”1\/2″][vc_tta_tabs style=”modern” shape=”square” active_section=”1″][vc_tta_section i_icon_fontawesome=”fa fa-book” add_icon=”true” title=”Citation” tab_id=”1522860108830-2bb57dee-fbc7″][vc_column_text css_animation=”none”]\n

\u201cLies are often much more plausible, more appealing to reason, than reality, since the liar has the great advantage of knowing beforehand what the audience wishes or expects to hear. He has prepared his story for public consumption with a careful eye to making it credible, whereas reality has the disconcerting habit of confronting us with the unexpected, for which we were not prepared.\u201d<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

~Hannah Arendt<\/strong>, German-American political theorist & educator<\/p>\n

\u201cLying in Politics: Reflections on the Pentagon Papers\u201d (18 November 1971) The New York Review of Books<\/em>, New York: NYREV, Inc., article part I; online edition [accessed March 2018] via The New York Review of Books, www.nybooks.com<\/a><\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section i_icon_fontawesome=”fa fa-plus-circle” add_icon=”true” title=”Context” tab_id=”1522860108986-2d82a8d9-4323″][vc_column_text css_animation=”none”]\n

Extended excerpt <\/em><\/strong>[Essay. Italicized words as they appear in the cited source.]:<\/p>\n

\u201cIt is this fragility that makes deception so very easy up to a point<\/em>, and so tempting. It never comes into a conflict with reason, because things could indeed have been as the liar maintains they were. Lies are often much more plausible, more appealing to reason, than reality, since the liar has the great advantage of knowing beforehand what the audience wishes or expects to hear. He has prepared his story for public consumption with a careful eye to making it credible, whereas reality has the disconcerting habit of confronting us with the unexpected, for which we were not prepared.<\/span>\u201d (p. 9)<\/p>\n

Source note<\/em><\/strong>: The original New York Review of Books<\/em> print edition volume, issue, and article page numbers were not included in the magazine\u2019s March 2018 online edition cited here.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section i_icon_fontawesome=”fa fa-search” add_icon=”true” title=”Source Link” tab_id=”1522860109146-08d30e3d-bda2″][vc_column_text css_animation=”none”]\n

Source link<\/em><\/strong><\/span>: \u201cLying in Politics: Reflections on the Pentagon Papers\u201d (18 November 1971) online via The New York Review of Books: http:\/\/www.nybooks.com\/articles\/1971\/11\/18\/lying-in-politics-reflections-on-the-pentagon-pape\/<\/a>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][\/vc_tta_tabs][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row css=”.vc_custom_1453316221301{margin-top: 0px !important;border-top-width: 0px !important;padding-top: 0px !important;}”][vc_column width=”1\/2″][vc_tta_tabs style=”modern” shape=”square” active_section=”1″][vc_tta_section i_icon_fontawesome=”fa fa-book” add_icon=”true” title=”Citation” tab_id=”1522865218070-373de616-ed52″][vc_column_text css_animation=”none”]\n

\u201cN<\/strong>o cause is left but the most ancient of all, the one, in fact, that from the beginning of our history has determined the very existence of politics, the cause of freedom versus tyranny.\u201d<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

~Hannah Arendt<\/strong>, German-American political theorist & educator<\/p>\n

Book introduction, \u201cWar and Revolution\u201d (1963) On Revolution<\/em>, New York: Viking Compass edition, April 1973 [13th printing], p. 1; online via Open Library [free subscription service] openlibrary.org<\/a><\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section i_icon_fontawesome=”fa fa-plus-circle” add_icon=”true” title=”Context” tab_id=”1522865218220-c7d24244-793e”][vc_column_text css_animation=”none”]Extended excerpt<\/em><\/strong>: [From Arendt\u2019s introduction to her book, On Revolution<\/em>]\n

\u201cIn a constellation that poses the threat of total annihilation through war against the hope for the emancipation of all mankind through revolution \u2013 leading one people after the other in swift succession \u201cto assume among the powers of the earth the separate and equal station to which the Laws of Nature and of Nature\u2019s God entitle them\u201d \u2013 no cause is left but the most ancient of all, the one, in fact, that from the beginning of our history has determined the very existence of politics, the cause of freedom versus tyranny<\/span>.\u201d (p. 1)\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section i_icon_fontawesome=”fa fa-search” add_icon=”true” title=”Source Link” tab_id=”1522865218370-f1acd8a8-27ed”][vc_column_text css_animation=”none”]\n

Source link<\/strong><\/em><\/span>: Library – On Revolution <\/em>(1963|April 1973 13th printing) online via Open Library [free subscription service]: https:\/\/archive.org\/stream\/onrevolution00aren#page\/n9\/mode\/2up\/search\/No+cause+is+left<\/a><\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][\/vc_tta_tabs][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”1\/2″][vc_tta_tabs style=”modern” shape=”square” active_section=”1″][vc_tta_section i_icon_fontawesome=”fa fa-book” add_icon=”true” title=”Citation” tab_id=”1522865208590-f85f1fb6-f238″][vc_column_text css_animation=”none”]\n

\u201cOnly the mob and the elite can be attracted by the momentum of totalitarianism itself; the masses have to be won by propaganda.\u201d<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

~Hannah Arendt<\/strong>, German-American political theorist & educator<\/p>\n

Totalitarianism<\/em> (1951) Book Three, Origins of Totalitarianism<\/em>, New York: Harvest Books\/Harcourt, Brace & World, 1968 [with 1966 updates], p. 39; online via Open Library [free subscription service] openlibrary.org<\/a><\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section i_icon_fontawesome=”fa fa-plus-circle” add_icon=”true” title=”Context” tab_id=”1522865208730-c31ffe9d-f7c3″][vc_column_text css_animation=”none”]\n

Extended excerpt<\/em><\/strong> [Non-fiction \u2013 First line of chapter two: \u2018The Totalitarian Movement\u2019]:<\/p>\n

\u201cOnly the mob and the elite can be attracted by the momentum of totalitarianism itself; the masses have to be won by propaganda.<\/span> Under conditions of constitutional government and freedom of opinion, totalitarian movements struggling for power can use terror to a limited extent only and share with other parties the necessity of winning adherents and of appearing plausible to a public which is not yet rigorously isolated from all other sources of information.\u201d (p. 39)[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section i_icon_fontawesome=”fa fa-search” add_icon=”true” title=”Source Link” tab_id=”1522865208860-d6f5ad34-226c”][vc_column_text css_animation=”none”]\n

Source link<\/em><\/strong><\/span>: Totalitarianism<\/em> (1951)|1968 Harvest Books) online via Open Library [free subscription service]: https:\/\/archive.org\/stream\/totalitarianism00aren#page\/38\/mode\/2up\/search\/Only+the+mob+and+the+elite<\/a><\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][\/vc_tta_tabs][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row css=”.vc_custom_1453316221301{margin-top: 0px !important;border-top-width: 0px !important;padding-top: 0px !important;}”][vc_column width=”1\/2″][vc_tta_tabs style=”modern” shape=”square” active_section=”1″][vc_tta_section i_icon_fontawesome=”fa fa-book” add_icon=”true” title=”Citation” tab_id=”1522868212840-09686cc6-1813″][vc_column_text css_animation=”none”]\n

\u201cPower and violence are opposites; where the one rules absolutely, the other is absent. Violence appears where power is in jeopardy, but left to its own course its end is the disappearance of power.\u201d<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

~Hannah Arendt<\/strong>, German-American political theorist & educator<\/p>\n

\u201cOn Violence\u201d (27 February 1969) in The New York Review of Books<\/em>, New York: NYREV, Inc., article part IV; online edition [accessed March 2018] via The New York Review of Books, www.nybooks.com<\/a><\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section i_icon_fontawesome=”fa fa-plus-circle” add_icon=”true” title=”Context” tab_id=”1522865208730-c31ffe9d-f7c3″][vc_column_text css_animation=”none”]\n

Extended excerpt\u00a0<\/em><\/strong> [Essay]:<\/p>\n

\u201cTo sum up: politically speaking, it is not enough to say that power and violence are not the same. Power and violence are opposites; where the one rules absolutely, the other is absent. Violence appears where power is in jeopardy, but left to its own course its end is the disappearance of power.<\/span> This implies that it is not correct to say that the opposite of violence is nonviolence: to speak of nonviolent power is actually redundant.\u201d[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section i_icon_fontawesome=”fa fa-search” add_icon=”true” title=”Source Link” tab_id=”1522868220018-8248c6e1-6959″][vc_column_text css_animation=”none”]\n

Source link<\/em><\/strong><\/span>: \u201cReflections on Violence\u201d (27 February 1969) online via The New York Review of Books: http:\/\/www.nybooks.com\/articles\/1969\/02\/27\/a-special-supplement-reflections-on-violence\/<\/a><\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][\/vc_tta_tabs][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”1\/2″][vc_tta_tabs style=”modern” shape=”square” active_section=”1″][vc_tta_section i_icon_fontawesome=”fa fa-book” add_icon=”true” title=”Citation” tab_id=”1522865208590-f85f1fb6-f238″][vc_column_text css_animation=”none”]\n

\u201cPromises are the uniquely human way of ordering the future, making it predictable and reliable to the extent that this is humanely possible.\u201d<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

~Hannah Arendt<\/strong>, German-American political theorist & educator<\/p>\n

\u201cReflections: Civil Disobedience\u201d (12 September 1970) The New Yorker<\/em>, New York: The New Yorker Magazine, Inc., p. 101, column 1; online via The New Yorker archives [subscription service] archives.newyorker.com<\/a><\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section i_icon_fontawesome=”fa fa-plus-circle” add_icon=”true” title=”Context” tab_id=”1522868376568-02bcdddc-39aa”][vc_column_text css_animation=”none”]\n

Extended excerpt\u00a0<\/em><\/strong> [Essay]:<\/p>\n

\u201cPromises are the uniquely human way of ordering the future, making it predictable and reliable to the extent that this is humanly possible.<\/span> And since the predictability of the future can never be absolute, promises are qualified by two essential limitations. We are bound to keep our promises provided that no unexpected circumstances arise, and provided that the mutuality inherent in all promises is not broken.\u201d (p. 101)<\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section i_icon_fontawesome=”fa fa-search” add_icon=”true” title=”Source Link” tab_id=”1522868376850-b783fabf-6761″][vc_column_text css_animation=”none”]\n

Source link<\/strong><\/em><\/span>: \u201cReflections: Civil Disobedience\u201d (12 September 1970) online via The New Yorker [subscription service]: http:\/\/archives.newyorker.com\/?i=1970-09-12#folio=100<\/a><\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][\/vc_tta_tabs][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row css=”.vc_custom_1453316221301{margin-top: 0px !important;border-top-width: 0px !important;padding-top: 0px !important;}”][vc_column width=”1\/2″][vc_tta_tabs style=”modern” shape=”square” active_section=”1″][vc_tta_section i_icon_fontawesome=”fa fa-book” add_icon=”true” title=”Citation” tab_id=”1522868212840-09686cc6-1813″][vc_column_text css_animation=”none”]\n

\u201cRevolutionaries do not make revolutions! The revolutionaries are those who know when power is lying in the street and when they can pick it up. Armed uprising by itself has never yet led to revolution.\u201d<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

~Hannah Arendt<\/strong>, German-American political theorist & educator<\/p>\n

\u201cThoughts on Politics and Revolution\u201d (22 April 1971) trans. Denver Lindley, based an interview with German writer Adelbert Reif, Summer 1970, The New York Review of Books<\/em>; online via The New York Review of Books, www.nybooks.com<\/a><\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section i_icon_fontawesome=”fa fa-plus-circle” add_icon=”true” title=”Context” tab_id=”1522868378076-842390a2-13fc”][vc_column_text css_animation=”none”]\n

Extended excerpt<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0 <\/em>[Essay. Arendt was discussing the power of student anti-war protests in 1971.]:<\/p>\n

\u201cAt the moment, one prerequisite for a coming revolution is lacking: a group of real revolutionaries. Just when the students on the left would most like to be \u2013 revolutionaries \u2013 that is just what they are not. Nor are they organized as revolutionaries: they have no inkling of what power means, and if power were lying in the street and they knew it was lying there, they are certainly the last to be ready to stoop down and pick it up. That is precisely what revolutionaries do. Revolutionaries do not make revolutions! The revolutionaries are those who know when power is lying in the street and when they can pick it up. Armed uprising by itself has never yet led to revolution.<\/span>\u201d[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section i_icon_fontawesome=”fa fa-search” add_icon=”true” title=”Source Link” tab_id=”1522868378524-753ccd7a-20b4″][vc_column_text css_animation=”none”]\n

Source link<\/em><\/strong><\/span>: \u201cThoughts on Politics and Revolution\u201d (22 April 1971) online via The New York Review of Books: http:\/\/www.nybooks.com\/articles\/1971\/04\/22\/thoughts-on-politics-and-revolution\/<\/a><\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][\/vc_tta_tabs][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”1\/2″][vc_tta_tabs style=”modern” shape=”square” active_section=”1″][vc_tta_section i_icon_fontawesome=”fa fa-book” add_icon=”true” title=”Citation” tab_id=”1522865208590-f85f1fb6-f238″][vc_column_text css_animation=”none”]\n

\u201cS<\/strong>torytelling reveals meaning without committing the error of defining it.\u201d<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

~Hannah Arendt<\/strong>, German-American political theorist & educator<\/p>\n

Book review, \u201cIsak Dinesen: 1885-1963\u201d (1968) Review of Parmenia Migel\u2019s Titania. A Biography of Isak Dinesen; The New Yorker<\/em>; reprint in Men in Dark Times<\/em>, 1968, p. 105; online via Open Library [free subscription service] openlibrary.org<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section i_icon_fontawesome=”fa fa-plus-circle” add_icon=”true” title=”Context” tab_id=”1522868755236-412a5066-ad28″][vc_column_text css_animation=”none”]\n

Extended excerpt\u00a0<\/em><\/strong> [Essay]:<\/p>\n

\u201cIt is true that storytelling reveals meaning without committing the error of defining it<\/span>, that it brings about consent and reconciliation with things as they really are, and that we may even trust it to contain eventually by implication that last word which we expect from the \u201cday of judgment.\u201d[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section i_icon_fontawesome=”fa fa-search” add_icon=”true” title=”Source Link” tab_id=”1522868755472-9b47cc0e-aea4″][vc_column_text css_animation=”none”]\n

Source link<\/strong><\/em><\/span>: \u201cIsak Dinesen: 1885-1963\u201d (1969 ) Men in Dark Times<\/em>; online via Open Library [free subscription service]: https:\/\/archive.org\/stream\/menindarktimes00aren#page\/104\/mode\/2up\/search\/reveals+meaning<\/a><\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][\/vc_tta_tabs][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row css=”.vc_custom_1453316221301{margin-top: 0px !important;border-top-width: 0px !important;padding-top: 0px !important;}”][vc_column width=”1\/2″][vc_tta_tabs style=”modern” shape=”square” active_section=”1″][vc_tta_section i_icon_fontawesome=”fa fa-book” add_icon=”true” title=”Citation” tab_id=”1522868755032-d4aabb8d-fe0f”][vc_column_text css_animation=”none”]\n

\u201cThe greatest enemy of authority, therefore, is contempt, and the surest way to undermine it is laughter.\u201d<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

~Hannah Arendt<\/strong>, German-American political theorist & educator<\/p>\n

On Violence<\/em> (1969) Orlando, FL: Harvest Book\/Harcourt, Inc., 1970, p. 45<\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section i_icon_fontawesome=”fa fa-plus-circle” add_icon=”true” title=”Context” tab_id=”1522868756284-e4f11d89-9a2f”][vc_column_text css_animation=”none”]\n

Extended excerpt\u00a0<\/em><\/strong> [Non-fiction]:<\/p>\n

\u201cTo remain in authority requires respect for the person or the office. The greatest enemy of authority, therefore, is contempt, and the surest way to undermine it is laughter.<\/span>\u201d (p. 45)<\/p>\n

Source note<\/em><\/strong>: An abbreviated version of Arendt\u2019s \u201cOn Violence\u201d was published in the 27 February 1969 edition of The New York Review of Books<\/em>. That version \u2013 published under the title \u201cReflections on Violence\u201d \u2013 did not<\/u> include the quote cited here.<\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section i_icon_fontawesome=”fa fa-search” add_icon=”true” title=”Source ISBN” tab_id=”1522868756612-95f354a7-4739″][vc_column_text css_animation=”none”]\n

Source<\/em><\/strong><\/span>: Library – On Violence<\/em> (1969|1970 Harvest Book ed.) International Standard Book Number (ISBN) 978-0-15-669500-8<\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][\/vc_tta_tabs][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”1\/2″][vc_tta_tabs style=”modern” shape=”square” active_section=”1″][vc_tta_section i_icon_fontawesome=”fa fa-book” add_icon=”true” title=”Citation” tab_id=”1522865208590-f85f1fb6-f238″][vc_column_text css_animation=”none”]\n

\u201cThe ideal subject of totalitarian rule is not the convinced Nazi or the convinced Communist, but people for whom the distinction between fact and fiction (i.e<\/em>., the reality of experience) and the distinction between true and false (i.e<\/em>., the standards of thought) no longer exist.\u201d<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

~Hannah Arendt<\/strong>, German-American political theorist & educator<\/p>\n

Totalitarianism <\/em>(1951) Book Three of Origins of Totalitarianism<\/em>, New York: Harvest Books\/Harcourt, Brace & World, 1968 [1966 introduction update], p. 172; online via Open Library [free subscription service] openlibrary.org<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section i_icon_fontawesome=”fa fa-plus-circle” add_icon=”true” title=”Context” tab_id=”1522869986826-b28ebfba-c720″][vc_column_text css_animation=”none”]\n

Extended excerpt\u00a0 <\/em><\/strong>[Non-fiction \u2013 Chapter four: \u2018Ideology and Terror: A Novel Form of Government\u2019]:<\/p>\n

\u201cJust as terror, even in its pre-total, merely tyrannical form ruins all relationships between men, so the self-compulsion of ideological thinking ruins all relationships with reality. The preparation has succeeded when people have lost contact with their fellow men as well as the reality around them; for together with these contacts, men lose the capacity of both experience and thought. The ideal subject of totalitarian rule is not the convinced Nazi or the convinced Communist, but people for whom the distinction between fact and fiction (i.e<\/em>., the reality of experience) and the distinction between true and false (i.e<\/em>., the standards of thought) no longer exist.<\/span>\u201d (p. 172)[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section i_icon_fontawesome=”fa fa-search” add_icon=”true” title=”Source Link” tab_id=”1522869987104-20db9a2b-aec2″][vc_column_text css_animation=”none”]\n

Source link<\/strong><\/em><\/span>: Library – Totalitarianism<\/em> (1951)|1968 Harvest Books) online via Open Library [free subscription service]: https:\/\/archive.org\/stream\/totalitarianism00aren#page\/172\/mode\/2up\/search\/ideal+subject+of+totalitarian+rule<\/a><\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][\/vc_tta_tabs][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row css=”.vc_custom_1453316221301{margin-top: 0px !important;border-top-width: 0px !important;padding-top: 0px !important;}”][vc_column width=”1\/2″][vc_tta_tabs style=”modern” shape=”square” active_section=”1″][vc_tta_section i_icon_fontawesome=”fa fa-book” add_icon=”true” title=”Citation” tab_id=”1522869986590-6ffabf5f-8c90″][vc_column_text css_animation=”none”]\n

\u201cThe sad truth is that most evil is done by people who never make up their minds to be either good or evil.\u201d<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

~Hannah Arendt<\/strong>, German-American political theorist & educator<\/p>\n

\u201cThinking III\u201d (5 December 1977) The New <\/em>Yorker<\/em>, New York: The New Yorker Magazine, Inc., p. 185, column 1; online via The New Yorker archives [subscription service] archives.newyorker.com<\/a><\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section i_icon_fontawesome=”fa fa-plus-circle” add_icon=”true” title=”Context” tab_id=”1522871082002-122da172-f4d4″][vc_column_text css_animation=”none”]\n

Extended excerpt<\/em><\/strong> [Essay]:<\/p>\n

\u201cIn other words, we are left with Plato\u2019s \u201cnoble natures,\u201d with the few of whom it may be true that none \u201cdoes evil voluntarily.\u201d Yet the implied and dangerous conclusion \u201cEverybody wants to do good\u201d is not true even in their case. (The sad truth of that matter is that most evil is done by people who never make up their minds to be either good or evil.<\/span>)\u201d (p. 185)[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section i_icon_fontawesome=”fa fa-search” add_icon=”true” title=”Source Link” tab_id=”1522871082312-4237e51e-3bf1″][vc_column_text css_animation=”none”]\n

Source link<\/strong><\/em><\/span>: \u201cThinking III\u201d (5 December 1977) online via The New Yorker<\/em> [subscription service]: http:\/\/archives.newyorker.com\/?i=1977-12-05#folio=184<\/a><\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][\/vc_tta_tabs][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”1\/2″][vc_tta_tabs style=”modern” shape=”square” active_section=”1″][vc_tta_section i_icon_fontawesome=”fa fa-book” add_icon=”true” title=”Citation” tab_id=”1522869987712-6af6aa3a-0ff1″][vc_column_text css_animation=”none”]\n

[On Adolf Eichmann & other Nazi war criminals on trial in 1961.] \u201cThe trouble with Eichmann was precisely that so many were like him, and that the many were neither perverted nor sadistic, that they were, and still are, terribly and terrifyingly normal. From the viewpoint of our legal institutions and of our moral standards of judgment, this normality was much more terrifying than all the atrocities put together, for it implied \u2013 as had been said at Nuremberg over and over again by the defendants and their counsels \u2013 that this new type of criminal, who is in actual fact hostis generis humani, <\/em>commits his crimes under circumstances that make it well-nigh impossible for him to know or to feel that he is doing wrong.\u201d<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

~Hannah Arendt<\/strong>, German-American political theorist & educator<\/p>\n

Eichmann in Jerusalem: A Report on the Banality of Evil<\/em> (1963) New York: Viking Press, 1964 revised edition, epilogue, p. 276<\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section i_icon_fontawesome=”fa fa-plus-circle” add_icon=”true” title=”Context” tab_id=”1522871083458-3acd8ba1-3da8″][vc_column_text css_animation=”none”]\n

Extended excerpt <\/em><\/strong>[Arendt, describing Adolf Eichmann and the other Nazi officers who were put on trial for their role in the mass murder of civilians before & during World War II. Arendt was present during the Jerusalem trials, and her reports and analysis was widely read around the world. Eichmann was found guilty on 15 December 1961 and executed at midnight on May 31\/June 1, 1962.]:<\/p>\n

\u201cThe trouble with Eichmann was precisely that so many were like him, and that the many were neither perverted nor sadistic, that they were, and still are, terribly and terrifyingly normal. From the viewpoint of our legal institutions and of our moral standards of judgment, this normality was much more terrifying than all the atrocities put together, for it implied \u2013 as had been said at Nuremberg over and over again by the defendants and their counsels \u2013 that this new type of criminal, who is in actual fact hostis generis humani, <\/em>commits his crimes under circumstances that make it well-nigh impossible for him to know or to feel that he is doing wrong.<\/span>\u201d<\/p>\n

(p. 276)[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section i_icon_fontawesome=”fa fa-search” add_icon=”true” title=”Source ISBN” tab_id=”1522871084004-eaec2942-9370″][vc_column_text css_animation=”none”]\n

Source<\/em><\/strong><\/span>: Library \u2013 Eichmann in Jerusalem: A Report on the Banality of Evil<\/em> (1963|1964 Viking Press revised ed.) Online Computer Library Center (OCLC) No. 908784640<\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][\/vc_tta_tabs][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row css=”.vc_custom_1453316221301{margin-top: 0px !important;border-top-width: 0px !important;padding-top: 0px !important;}”][vc_column width=”1\/2″][vc_tta_tabs style=”modern” shape=”square” active_section=”1″][vc_tta_section i_icon_fontawesome=”fa fa-book” add_icon=”true” title=”Citation” tab_id=”1522873984166-0f113f42-6468″][vc_column_text css_animation=”none”]\n

\u201cTotal loyalty is possible only when fidelity is emptied of all concrete content, from which changes of mind might naturally arise.\u201d<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

~Hannah Arendt<\/strong>, German-American political theorist & educator<\/p>\n

Totalitarianism<\/em> (1951) Book Three, Origins of Totalitarianism<\/em>, New York: Harvest Books\/Harcourt, Brace & World, 1968 [with 1966 updates], p. 22; online via Open Library [free subscription service] openlibrary.org<\/a><\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section i_icon_fontawesome=”fa fa-plus-circle” add_icon=”true” title=”Context” tab_id=”1522873986118-629c4c3f-e9f2″][vc_column_text css_animation=”none”]\n

Extended excerpt\u00a0<\/em><\/strong> [Non-fiction – Chapter one: \u2018A Classless Society\u2019]:<\/p>\n

\u201cTotal loyalty is possible only when fidelity is emptied of all concrete content, from which changes of mind might naturally arise.<\/span> The totalitarian movements, each in its own way, have done their utmost to get rid of the party programs which specified concrete content and which they inherited from earlier, nontotalitarian stages of development.\u201d (p. 22)[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section i_icon_fontawesome=”fa fa-search” add_icon=”true” title=”Source Link” tab_id=”1522873986700-444cd686-54bd”][vc_column_text css_animation=”none”]\n

Source link<\/em><\/strong><\/span>: Library \u2013\u00a0Totalitarianism<\/em> (1951)|1968 Harvest Books) online via Open Library [free subscription service]: https:\/\/archive.org\/stream\/totalitarianism00aren#page\/22\/mode\/2up\/search\/total+loyalty+is<\/a><\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][\/vc_tta_tabs][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”1\/2″][vc_tta_tabs style=”modern” shape=”square” active_section=”1″][vc_tta_section i_icon_fontawesome=”fa fa-book” add_icon=”true” title=”Citation” tab_id=”1522869987712-6af6aa3a-0ff1″][vc_column_text css_animation=”none”]\n

\u201cT<\/strong>otalitarian mass leaders based their propaganda on the correct psychological assumption that…one could make people believe the most fantastic statements one day, and trust that if the next day they were given irrefutable proof of their falsehood, they would take refuge in cynicism; instead of deserting the leaders who had lied to them, they would protest that they had known all along that the statement was a lie and would admire the leaders for their superior tactical cleverness.\u201d<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

~Hannah Arendt<\/strong>, German-American political theorist & educator<\/p>\n

Totalitarianism<\/em> (1951) Book Three, Origins of Totalitarianism<\/em>, New York: Harvest Books\/Harcourt, Brace & World, 1968 [with 1966 introduction], p. 80; online via Open Library [free subscription service] openlibrary.org<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section i_icon_fontawesome=”fa fa-plus-circle” add_icon=”true” title=”Context” tab_id=”1522874174476-910bb7fd-afda”][vc_column_text css_animation=”none”]\n

Extended excerpt\u00a0<\/em><\/strong> [Non-fiction – Chapter two: \u2018The Totalitarian Movement\u2019]:<\/p>\n

\u201cThe totalitarian mass leaders based their propaganda on the correct psychological assumption that, under such conditions, one could make people believe the most fantastic statements one day, and trust that if the next day they were given irrefutable proof of their falsehood, they would take refuge in cynicism; instead of deserting the leaders who had lied to them, they would protest that they had known all along that the statement was a lie and would admire the leaders for their superior tactical cleverness.<\/span>\u201d (p. 80)<\/p>\n

Source note<\/em><\/strong>: Totalitarianism<\/em> is the third book of Arendt’s three Origins of Totalitarianism<\/em> series.\u00a0 Although all three segments have been printed in a single volume, the cited edition does not include the first & second books.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section i_icon_fontawesome=”fa fa-search” add_icon=”true” title=”Source Link” tab_id=”1522874174840-9aa45d17-d1ee”][vc_column_text css_animation=”none”]\n

Source link<\/strong><\/em><\/span>:Totalitarianism<\/em> (1951)|1968 Harvest Books) online via Open Library [free subscription service]: https:\/\/archive.org\/stream\/totalitarianism00aren#page\/80\/mode\/2up\/search\/correct+psychological+assumption<\/a><\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][\/vc_tta_tabs][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row css=”.vc_custom_1453316221301{margin-top: 0px !important;border-top-width: 0px !important;padding-top: 0px !important;}”][vc_column width=”1\/2″][vc_tta_tabs style=”modern” shape=”square” active_section=”1″][vc_tta_section i_icon_fontawesome=”fa fa-book” add_icon=”true” title=”Citation” tab_id=”1522874174158-ccc390b6-1908″][vc_column_text css_animation=”none”]\n

\u201cTotalitarianism in power invariably replaces all first-rate talents, regardless of their sympathies, with those crackpots and fools whose lack of intelligence and creativity is still the best guarantee of their loyalty<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

~Hannah Arendt<\/strong>, German-American political theorist & educator<\/p>\n

Totalitarianism<\/em> (1951) Book Three, Origins of Totalitarianism<\/em>, New York: Harvest Books\/Harcourt, Brace & World, 1968 [with 1966 updates], p. 37; online via Open Library [free subscription service] openlibrary.org<\/a><\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section i_icon_fontawesome=”fa fa-plus-circle” add_icon=”true” title=”Context” tab_id=”1522874176402-302f9710-44ff”][vc_column_text css_animation=”none”]\n

Extended excerpt<\/em><\/strong>: [Non-fiction – Chapter one: \u2018A Classless Society\u2019]\n

\u201cIntellectual, spiritual, and artistic initiative is as dangerous to totalitarianism as the gangster initiative of the mob, and both are more dangerous than mere political opposition. The consistent persecution of every higher form of intellectual activity by the new mass leaders springs from more than their natural resentment against everything they cannot understand. Total domination does not allow for free initiative in any field of life, for any activity that is not entirely predictable. Totalitarianism in power invariably replaces all first-rate talents, regardless of their sympathies, with those crackpots and fools whose lack of intelligence and creativity is still the best guarantee of their loyalty.<\/span>\u201d (p. 37)[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section i_icon_fontawesome=”fa fa-search” add_icon=”true” title=”Source Link” tab_id=”1522874177032-f8d40662-81f8″][vc_column_text css_animation=”none”]\n

Source link<\/em><\/strong><\/span>: Library \u2013\u00a0Totalitarianism<\/em> (1951)|1968 Harvest Books) online via Open Library [free subscription service]: https:\/\/archive.org\/stream\/totalitarianism00aren#page\/36<\/a>\/<\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][\/vc_tta_tabs][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”1\/2″][vc_tta_tabs style=”modern” shape=”square” active_section=”1″][vc_tta_section i_icon_fontawesome=”fa fa-book” add_icon=”true” title=”Citation” tab_id=”1522874175776-3cd0dbc1-59b2″][vc_column_text css_animation=”none”]\n

\u201cTotalitarianism is never content to rule by external means, namely, through the state and a machinery of violence; thanks to its peculiar ideology and the role assigned to it in this apparatus of coercion, totalitarianism has discovered a means of dominating and terrorizing human beings from within.\u201d<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

~Hannah Arendt<\/strong>, German-American political theorist & educator<\/p>\n

Totalitarianism<\/em> (1951) Book Three, Origins of Totalitarianism<\/em>, New York: Harvest Books\/Harcourt, Brace & World, 1968 [with 1966 introduction], p. 23; online via Open Library [free subscription service] openlibrary.org<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section i_icon_fontawesome=”fa fa-plus-circle” add_icon=”true” title=”Context” tab_id=”1522874468108-9a3d8d9c-1da2″][vc_column_text css_animation=”none”]\n

Extended excerpt\u00a0<\/em><\/strong> [Non-fiction – Chapter one: \u2018A Classless Society\u2019]:<\/p>\n

\u201cTotalitarianism is never content to rule by external means, namely, through the state and a machinery of violence; thanks to its peculiar ideology and the role assigned to it in this apparatus of coercion, totalitarianism has discovered a means of dominating and terrorizing human beings from within.<\/span> In this sense it eliminates the distance between the rulers and the ruled and achieves a condition in which power and the will to power, as we understand them, play no role, or at best, a secondary role.\u201d (p. 23)<\/p>\n

Source note<\/em><\/strong>: Totalitarianism<\/em> is the third book of Arendt’s three Origins of Totalitarianism<\/em> series.\u00a0 Although all three segments have been printed in a single volume, the cited edition does not include the first & second books.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section i_icon_fontawesome=”fa fa-search” add_icon=”true” title=”Source Link” tab_id=”1522874468508-cc88737f-ee55″][vc_column_text css_animation=”none”]\n

Source link<\/strong><\/em><\/span>:Totalitarianism<\/em> (1951)|1968 Harvest Books) online via Open Library [free subscription service]: https:\/\/archive.org\/stream\/totalitarianism00aren#page\/22\/mode\/2up\/search\/never+content+to+rule<\/a><\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][\/vc_tta_tabs][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row css=”.vc_custom_1453316221301{margin-top: 0px !important;border-top-width: 0px !important;padding-top: 0px !important;}”][vc_column width=”1\/2″][vc_tta_tabs style=”modern” shape=”square” active_section=”1″][vc_tta_section i_icon_fontawesome=”fa fa-book” add_icon=”true” title=”Citation” tab_id=”1522874467744-ee205bb0-2a5a”][vc_column_text css_animation=”none”]\n

\u201cViolence can destroy power; it is utterly incapable of creating it.\u201d<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

~Hannah Arendt<\/strong>, German-American political theorist & educator<\/p>\n

\u201cReflections on Violence\u201d (27 February 1969) in \u201cA Special Supplement: Reflections on Violence,\u201d The New York Review of Books<\/em>, New York: NYREV, Inc., article part IV; online edition [accessed March 2018] via The New York Review of Books, www.nybooks.com<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section i_icon_fontawesome=”fa fa-plus-circle” add_icon=”true” title=”Context” tab_id=”1522874581594-f785172d-83ec”][vc_column_text css_animation=”none”]\n

Extended excerpt\u00a0<\/em><\/strong> [Essay]:<\/p>\n

\u201cTo sum up: politically speaking, it is not enough to say that power and violence are not the same. Power and violence are opposites; where the one rules absolutely, the other is absent. Violence appears where power is in jeopardy, but left to its own course its end is the disappearance of power. This implies that it is not correct to say that the opposite of violence is nonviolence: to speak of nonviolent power is actually redundant. Violence can destroy power; it is utterly incapable of creating it<\/span>.\u201d<\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section i_icon_fontawesome=”fa fa-search” add_icon=”true” title=”Source Link” tab_id=”1522874582036-52c87c88-a05e”][vc_column_text css_animation=”none”]\n

Source link<\/strong><\/em><\/span>: “Reflections on Violence” (27 February 1969) online via The New York Review of Books: http:\/\/www.nybooks.com\/articles\/1969\/02\/27\/a-special-supplement-reflections-on-violence\/<\/a><\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][\/vc_tta_tabs][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”1\/2″][vc_tta_tabs style=”modern” shape=”square” active_section=”1″][vc_tta_section i_icon_fontawesome=”fa fa-book” add_icon=”true” title=”Citation” tab_id=”1522874469530-5cf12b96-947f”][vc_column_text css_animation=”none”]\n

\u201cWhat prepares men for totalitarian domination in the non-totalitarian world is the fact that loneliness, once a borderline experience usually suffered in certain marginal conditions like old age, has become an everyday experience of the ever-growing masses of our century.\u201d<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

~Hannah Arendt<\/strong>, German-American political theorist & educator<\/p>\n

Totalitarianism<\/em> (1951) Book Three, Origins of Totalitarianism<\/em>, New York: Harvest Books\/Harcourt, Brace & World, 1968 [with 1966 updates], p. 176; online via Open Library [free subscription service] openlibrary.org<\/a><\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section i_icon_fontawesome=”fa fa-plus-circle” add_icon=”true” title=”Context” tab_id=”1522874583920-489a4b4b-5515″][vc_column_text css_animation=”none”]\n

Extended excerpt<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0 [Non-fiction – Chapter four: \u2018Ideology and Terror: A Novel Form of Government\u2019]:<\/p>\n

\u201cWhat prepares men for totalitarian domination in the non-totalitarian world is the fact that loneliness, once a borderline experience usually suffered in certain marginal conditions like old age, has become an everyday experience of the ever-growing masses of our century.<\/span> The merciless process into which totalitarianism drives and organizes the masses looks like a suicidal escape from this reality. (p. 176)<\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section i_icon_fontawesome=”fa fa-search” add_icon=”true” title=”Source Link” tab_id=”1522874584786-30f7a9de-abe9″][vc_column_text css_animation=”none”]\n

Source link<\/em><\/strong><\/span>: Library \u2013\u00a0Totalitarianism<\/em> (1951)|1968 Harvest Books) online via Open Library [free subscription service]:\u00a0https:\/\/archive.org\/stream\/totalitarianism00aren#page\/176\/mode\/2up\/search\/masses+of+our+century<\/a>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][\/vc_tta_tabs][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]\n

Resources<\/h4>\n[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text css_animation=”none” el_class=”Wrapper-Author-Resources”]Learn more about Hannah Arendt<\/strong> <\/span>| Here are a few good places to start –<\/p>\n